Vitamin C "Amazing Substance for Human Metabolism"

Orange

Vitamin C is one type of vitamin that is soluble in water and has an important role in warding off many diseases. This vitamin is also known by the chemical name of the main forms of ascorbic acid. Vitamin C group vitamins including antioxidant that can counteract a variety of extracellular free radicals. Some characteristics include very easily oxidized by heat, light, and metal. Fruits and vegetables like oranges, tomatoes, strawberries, strawberries, asparagus, cabbage, milk, butter, potatoes, fish, and liver, the main source of this vitamin.

Vitamin C is required to maintain the collagen structure, which is a type of protein that connects all fiber network, skin, tendons, cartilage, and other tissues in the human body. Collagen structure is good to heal broken bones, bruises, minor bleeding, and minor injuries.

Vitamin C also plays an important role in helping the absorption of iron and sharpen awareness. As an antioxidant, vitamin C can neutralize free radicals throughout the body. Through the influence of laxatives, this vitamin may also increase the disposal of faeces or excrement. Vitamin C is also able to counteract cancer-causing nitrites. Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the formation of nitrosamines (the end result of digestion of foods containing nitrite) in the body a number of students who were given vitamin C reduced to 81%.

Hipoaskorbemia (ascorbic acid deficiency) can result in thrush, both in the mouth and stomach, rough skin, gums are not healthy so easily shaken and loose teeth, bleeding under the skin (around the eyes and gums), fast fatigue, muscle weakness and depression. In addition, ascorbic acid also correlated with other health problems, such as high cholesterol, heart disease, arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis), and colds.

Requirement of vitamin C is different for each person, depending on their living habits. In adolescents, the influence of these habits are smoking, drinking coffee, or alcoholic beverages, consumption of certain drugs such as medication antikejang, tetracycline antibiotics, antiartritis, sleeping pills, and oral contraceptives. Smoking habits eliminate 25% of vitamin C in the blood. In addition to other compounds that affect nicotine as bad is caffeine. In addition, stress, fever, infection, and exercise also increases the need for vitamin C.  

The Mechanism and Advantages of Ultrasonic Wave

Ultrasonic waves are sound or vibration with a frequency too high to be heard by human ears, above approximately 20 kHz. Frequency is a measure of the number of repeated rounds per event in a given time interval. To calculate the frequency, someone set the interval, count the number of incident events, and dividing this count by long intervals. These results are given in hertz (Hz) where 1 Hz is the events that happen one time per second.

Ultrasonic waves are classified into two definitions are distinguished by the size and frequency of application (Mason, 1990) :

1. High frequency or diagnostic ultrasound (2-10 MHz).

2. Low frequency or power ultrasound (20-100 kHz).

Diagnostic ultrasound or low-amplitude waves are used to measure the velocity and wave absorption coefficient in the medium with a distance of 20-10 MHz. Usually used for medical applications, chemical analysis, and study the phenomenon of relaxation. While the power of ultrasound involves a high energy waves (low frequency), applied for cleaning, the unification of plastic, and to observe the influence of chemical reactivity.

When waves propagate into the liquid medium produces alternating pressure and expansion cycles. In addition to the expansion cycle, high-intensity ultrasonic waves cause small bubbles in the liquid. When the bubbles reach the volume that is not enough anymore to absorb the energy, the bubble burst, a phenomenon called "cavitation". High-intensity acoustic radiation which propagate through the medium led to some changes.

Effects and Mechanism of Ultrasonic Wave :

a. Cavitation

Cavitation is one of the effects of radiation due to ultrasonic waves in the fluid where terkompresinya terekspansi and gas bubbles in the liquid caused by ultrasonic wave radiation. If the ultrasonic waves radiated fluid, then fluid pressure will be increased (at first have a static pressure) when the wave amplitude has a positive and will decrease when the negative amplitude.

Due to this pressure change, then the bubbles of gas or vapor that usually exist in the fluid pressure will be compressed when the fluid rises and will terekspansi when the pressure drops. So long as there is an ultrasonic wave in the liquid, the gas bubble radius reaches a maximum value at the minimum at the time of expansion and compression. If the pressure amplitude ultrasonic waves big enough, then the bubble could burst. The outbreak of this bubble will menimbulan "shock waves" (shock waves). Because there is great pressure, then the shock waves that could damage ties on oil so that the weak will drop out.

b. Structural effects

When the fluid is placed under high intensity sound field, produced by the dynamic turbulence and shear stress on the structure, above all consistency. Perobekan cell can occur in several ways that relate closely to each other and expand Yeng disappeared or broken, there will be a very great motion near the bubble and the weak motion as far as some of the diameter of the circumstances. So part of the cell wall near the bubble will experience a large displacement relative to other parts of the cell wall. The resulting shear stress will easily tear the cell walls. Near cavity who disappeared there is also the type of turbulence with a great stir. The cell walls can be damaged by shear stress caused by this turbulence, so the compound on the inside of the cell will exit (Acherman et.al., 1988).

c. Heat Effects

Kuldiloke (2002) states that the acoustic energy absorption by the membranes and biomaterials, especially on the surface can increase the temperature. They stressed the heat balance equation to calculate the ultrasonic energy loss during propagation through the medium. They mentioned that the temperature changes should be absorbed by a solid under conditions of 0.1 °C for water and 1°C for air.  These results have been verified through an experiment.  Other studies claim local temperatures can rise up to 5000 ° K which is achieved in a few nanosecond in the sound field.

Advantages of Ultrasonic Method

            Some advantages of this method is to simplify the process of ultrasonic extraction, mass transfer, distrupsi cells, increase the penetration effect. Research Mason et al., (1996) mentions in the process of extraction of compounds from fennel, hops, marigold, mint leaves and lemon can increase 20-40% of the results of ultrasonic extraction method compared to the usual extraction method. According to research, Cameron and Wang (2006) concerning the extraction of corn starch, corn starch yield states obtained from the ultrasonic process for about 2 minutes is about 55.2 to 67.8%, almost equal to the yield obtained from heating the water for 1 hour, namely 53 , 4%. Other studies on rice starch ekstaksi by Wang et al., (2004) mention the combination of 0.5% sodium sulfate with ultrasonic dedocyl rendement can increase up to 84.9% with low-residue protein.

Park et al., (2006) mentioned in the study of sorghum starch using sonication extraction efficiency is seen reduced protein content in it. It is influential on changes in protein content and color, among others, sonication time, concentration of solution, different types and concentrations of protein as well as settling agents sentrifugasinya speed.

The use of high frequency ultrasonic waves to improve monitoring of food products or processes to accelerate absorption. In industrial applications include texture, viscosity, and determination of concentration for egg products, meat, fruit, vegetables and dairy products. Kuldiloke (2002) mentions one of the benefits of the ultrasonic method is to accelerate the extraction process. With the use of ultrasonic extraction process of organic compounds in plants and seeds using organic solvents can take place more quickly. Mechanical effects of ultrasonic method is to increase the penetration of solvent into the cell material and to improve mass transfer. The cell walls of the material is broken down by ultrasonic vibrations so that the content in it can come out easily. This method has been used in the extraction process of sugar beet (Mason et al., 1999).

Hexagonal water "The Right Choice for Better living"

Hexagonal Water

Water is classified into two kinds, the first are bounding Water is water with the formation of a series of H₂O molecules that tend to form large groups and this type of water setabil not usually form a pentagonal formations include bottled mineral water (H₂O) 36-46, tap water (H₂O) 50 -60, ground water (H₂O) 70-80 as well as polluted water and cooking water (H₂O), 200-300. The second type Clustered Water is water with H₂O molecule formation sets that tend to form small and stable groups such as hexagonal water (H₂O) 6.

In the normal water and oxygenated water molecule H₂O only five groups to form a pentagonal formation, then these groups form a series of water that we encounter daily, the water eksagonal, six molecules of H₂O in a group formation of hexagonal (six terms) this phenomenon occurs because water is influenced by mgnet and certain electric radiation (long wave infrared) tekait with different structure.

Hexagonal water (found in south korea water expert, DR. Mu Shik Jhon) have differences with ordinary water. These differences affect the way biochemical reactions. The nature of this water that form small groups and stable is very beneficial to human health. Hexagonal water created by small and stable bond can easily fit directly into the cell body to transport nutrients, enhance the metabolic processes, aimlessly more energy, remove toxins, and maintain continuity of cell regeneration. Activate human body cells by adding a physical electromagnetic energy in the water and dissolve material in water to enhance the homeostasis (the settings in a balanced condition) and the immune system.

Human body fluids composed of three groups, hexagonal water occupies 62% share of terbear namely pentagonal water while 24%, and the remaining 14% form tehtahedral related to each other to form chains. by our bodies because it is in desperate need of hexagonal water. decrease in the hexagonal water in the body up to 50-60% will cause death.

Preservatives and food coloring, antibiotics, heavy metals in contaminated fish, fruit and vegetables residupestisida, radiation, alcohol, stress and depression can destroy existing hexagonal water in the body before and increase the volume of pentagonal water in body fluids, even factor- these factors can directly trigger the formation of cancer cells, when these cancer cells to die effect on the body is not harmful but if the cells were still alive he would affect other cells so that cancer increasingly widespread.

The existence of hexagonal water is enough in the body is very good for the health of the body it can improve the quality of body fluid cell providing more energy in the cell nucleus melundungi sel.membanu of metabolic waste substances, improving the ability of cells to neutralize and remove toxins, increase oxygen content and the absorption of gizi.serta substances increase the ability of cells to repair themselves.

Hexagonal water naturally found in nature but its existence increasingly scarce because of pollution in the earth is getting worse. Hexagonal water can actually be found in cold water (water ice), waterfalls, and streams that are still fresh, natural, and contains lots of oxygen solution, with a small molecular structure and slightly alkaline. Along with our technological advances we are able to create hexagonal water. some requirements that must be fulfilled to make this kind of water Among others:

1. Clean water with the amount of dissolved oxygen is more than the maximum.
2. The amount should be sufficient essential minerals, especially Ca 2 + as an agent formations maker
3. Hexagonal dissolved in water
4. Has a pH of about 7.1 to 7.4
5. Normal water temperatures approaching the next cold water in the ionization with
   using physical and electromagnetic energy as well as in combination with fire
   wave infrared rays.

Testing Hexagonal Water

Practical way to find out whether water is hexagonal or not, is to use soy sauce. Take 2 pieces of glass and put 4 tablespoons soy sauce into each glass. The first glass soak in a bowl of ordinary water. The second glass bowl filled with water soak in the hexagonal. After left for 30 minutes, and soy sauce which are placed in hexagonal reduced water taste salty. Meanwhile, the water still taste salty. This difference is caused by water hexagonal form small groups so that more easily penetrate the glass wall of glass (through osmosis) and air  mixed with soy sauce in it.

Oxygenated water in bottles is practical. Stay open lid, immediately drink the contents. Oxygenated water to increase oxygen supply to every cell of the body, dissolving nutrients and distributing it throughout the body. He stimulates cell survival, regulate body temperature, and dissolved hazardous materials and wastes to the outside of the body. The effectiveness of these functions are influenced by the quality of water itself, the health condition of the body, interaction with other nutrients, as well as antibiotics and drugs. And the point is, we should not keep oxygenated water for a long time. The problem is that water will turn back into ordinary water, even if stored in sealed bottles. As we all know oxygen can penetrate plastic bottle packaging (polymers) are porous fine.

Charcteristic and Chemical Compound of Arecha catechu L. Seeds

Areca catechu L.

Areca catechu L. is a plant family Arecaceae which can reach 15-20 m tall with an upright stem diameter of 15 cm. The fruit germinate after 1.5 months and 4 months later and have crested the small leaves wich are not open yet. Formation of new rod occurred after 2 years and produce fruit at the age of 5-8 years depending on state land. This plant is flowering at the beginning and end of the rainy season and has a lifetime of 25-30 years. Fruit seeds reddish brown to maroon, somewhat squiggly younger with color. In the field of seed slices looked perisperm dark brown with irregular folds penetrate a little whitish-colored endosperm (Depkes RI, 1989).

Classification of the Areca nut :
Kingdom                      : Plantae
Divisio                         : Magnoliophyta
Class                           : Liliopsida
Order                          : Arecales
Family                         : Arecaceae
Genus                         : Areca
Species                       : A. catechu
Binomial Name            : Areca

Betel nut has a fairly good economic value with the benefits of a diverse and wide spread area. Benefits include nut seeds for industrial materials such as in leather tanning, textile industries, industrial dyes, cosmetics, beverages and pharmaceuticals, as well as a stimulant and food seasoning. The leaves of the betel plant can also be used as a cure respiratory disorders. Rods are used for building materials, plumbing. While the root is used for de-worming and indigestion. Productivity nut seeds from several countries (in million tonnes) since 1961 can be seen in the following table :

Countries	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Bangladesh India Indonesia Kenya Malaysia Maldives Myanmar Taiwan, China Thailand World	62.995 120.000 13.000 TT 6.500 1 8.000 3.718 TT 428.428	23.369 141.000 15.000 TT 3.000 1 19.203 10.075 TT 423.296	25.051 195.900 18.000 TT 2.500 5 25.807 24.358 TT 583.242	24.120 238.500 22.812 100 4.000 16 32.270 111.090 13.250 892.316	47.000 330.000 36.200 90 2.500 37 51.463 165.076 20.500 1.305.732

 Source : FAO (2003)

Betel nuts contain 0.3 to 0.6% alkaloids, such as arekolin (C₈H₁₃NO₂), arekolidine, arekain, guvakolin, guvasine and isoguvasine, condensed tannins, hydrolyzed tannin, flavan, phenolic compounds, acid error, gum, lignin, oil evaporates and does not evaporate, and salt (Wang et al., 1996). It also contains tannin red 15%, 14% fat (palmitic, oleic, stearic, caproic, caprylic, lauric, myristic acid), starch and resin. Fresh seeds contain approximately 50% more alkaloids in comparison to seeds that have experienced the treatment. Nonaka (1989) mentions that betel nuts contain proanthocyanidin, a condensed tannin that included the flavonoid. Proanthocyanidin have the effect of antibacterial, antiviral, antikarsinogenik, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and vasodilation (Fine, 2000). The chemical composition of areca seed can be seen in the following table :

Chemical compound	Total (%)
1.      Moisture content 2.      Total polisakarida 3.      Crude protein 4.      Fat 5.      Crude fiber 6.      Polifenol 7.      Red tannin 8.      Arecolin 9.      Ash	38,9 - 56,7 17,8-25,7 6,2-7,5 9,5-15,1 11,4-15,4 11,1-17,8 15* 0,12-0,24 1,1-1,5

                                % dry based (exept : moisture content)

                        Source : -  Jayalaksmi and Mathew (1982)

                                     - *(Wang and Lee, 1996)

 Another compounds in areca seed are arecaidine, choline, guvacine, guvacoline, and tannin from containing glucose ester group pirogalol group. Plain and hemostatic properties of tannin are believed to strengthen the gums and stop the bleeding (Haerudin, 2003). Nut crops as potential anticancer effects of antioxidants, and antimutagenic (Wang et al., 1996; Lee and Choi, 1999). Etanolik areca nut extract showed antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 45.4 ug / ml (Lee and Choi, 1999). Pinang able to induce cell cycle arrest in oral epithelial cell culture-KB (Chang et al., 2001). Based on these data, betel nuts have the potential to be developed as a cytotoxic agent which can be combined with chemotherapeutic agents so as to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells.

Varian age of Areca nut	IC50 (µg/ml)	Antioksidan activity (equivalent to trolox) TEAC
1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month 6 month 8 month Arecoline HBr	13,47598 13,21283 12,10392 10,51488 12,05928 10,63328 -78446,7	0,7583 0,7753 0,8466 0,9718 0,8879 0,9616 -
*Areca extract	4.5	-
*BHT	13.0	-
*L-asam askorbat	7.5	-

               Source : - Wetwitayaklung (2006)

                            - * Yong (2009)

Varian age of Areca nut	Yield (%)
1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month 6 month 8 month	21,85 20,59 16,10 23,41 18,88 13,77

                         Source : Wetwitayaklung (2006)

"Water" The most important source for human life

Water

Pure water, which usual we consume daily has much innumerable benefits. About 80% of the human body consists of water. Brain and blood are two important organs that consist moisture content above 80%. The brain has a water component as much as 90%, while the water component of blood has 95%. Normally we need at least 2 liters a day or 8 glasses a day. Water is needed to replace exit fluids from the body through urine, sweat, respiration, and secretion. Consuming 8-10 glasses of water every day make your metabolism running well and normal. If we consume less water, the overall effect is not felt. But as a consequence, the body will balance itself by taking the source of the body's own components like the blood. Lack of water for blood is very dangerous for the body. Therefore, the blood will be thick. As a result, blood travel as a means of transport oxygen and nutrients can be disrupted.

The blood is thick it will also pass through the kidney that functions as a filter or a tool to filter toxins from the blood. The kidneys have a very fine sieve, so if you have to filter the blood is thick then the kidneys must work extra hard. It is not possible kidney could be damaged and will soon have dialysis or in medical language is called hemodialysis. Travel thick blood will also be hampered as it passes through the brain. In fact, brain cells are the most wasteful consumption of food and oxygen carried by blood. So that the function of brain cells is not running optimally and may even die. These conditions will increasingly lead to stroke. Therefore do not let a lack of water.

U.S. cardiologist, Dr. James M. Rippe give advice to drink water at least a liter more than what is needed our thirst. The reason, losing only 4% of the liquid will decrease our performance as much as 22%! It is understandable if the loss of 7%, we will begin to feel weak and lethargic.

Benefits of Pure Water:

 

 1. Streamlining the digestive system

Consuming adequate amounts of water every day will facilitate the digestive system to avoid digestive problems like heartburn or constipation. Burning calories will also be run efficiently.

2. Water helps to slow the growth of cancer-causing substances

Water can help slow the growth of cancer-causing substances and to prevent kidney stones and liver disease. Drinking water will make the body more energy.

3. Beauty treatments

Less water consumption causes the body to absorb the moisture content of the skin so the skin becomes dry and wrinkled. In addition, water can protect the skin from the outside, as well as moisturize and nourish the skin.

4. For fertility

Increasing testosterone production in men and estrogen in women. According to the findings of a thrombosis research institute in London, England, if someone always bathe with cold water then smooth blood circulation and body feels fresh and fit. Bathing with cold water will increase production of white blood cells in the body and increase one's ability to attack the virus. In fact, a bath with cold water in the morning can increase testosterone production in men and estrogen in women. With so fertility and sexual excitement will increase. In addition, improved skin tissue, nails healthier and stronger, not easily cracked.

5. Heart healthy

Water is also believed to participate cure heart disease, arthritis, skin damage, Papas tract disease, intestinal, dap feminine disease, etc. Even today quite a lot of alternative treatments that take advantage of the efficacy of white water.

6. As a stroke drug

Hot water not only used to treat various skin diseases, but also effective for treating paralysis, such as stroke. Therefore, water can help strengthen back muscles and ligaments as well as facilitate the circulatory system and respiratory system. Heating effect causes the dilation of blood vessels, improving blood circulation and tissue oxygenation, thus preventing muscle stiffness, relieve pain and calm the mind. The content of ions, especially chlorine, magnesium, hydrogen carbonate and sulfate in hot water, helping to widen blood vessels thus increasing blood circulation. In addition, the water pH is able to sterilize the skin.

7. Relaxation effect

Try standing in the shower and feel the effect in the body. Shower water falling into the body feels like a massage and be able to eliminate fatigue because it feels like a massage. Some alternative medicine experts say, that come into contact with water fountain, take a walk around the waterfalls, or rivers and parks with lots of showers, will acquire properties negative ions. Negative ions which arise due to water droplets that collide it can relieve pain, neutralize toxins, combating disease, and to help absorb and utilize oxygen. Negative ions in the blood stream will accelerate the delivery of oxygen to cells and tissues. Not only that if you have muscle tension can dilegakan with warm water bath temperature of about 37 ^oC. While our sore feet is often advisable to soak the feet with warm water mixed with a little salt.

8. Thin body

Water is also remove impurities in the body that will be faster to get out through urine. For those who want to arrange any body, drink warm water before eating (and thus felt somewhat satisfied) is one way to reduce the amount of food intake. Moreover the water contains no calories, sugar, or fat. However, it is best to drink water at medium temperature, not too hot, and not too cold.

9. Fitter body

Savor the water was not only to cleanse the body, but also as a substance that our bodies need. You may be able to survive food shortages a few days rather than less water. Therefore, water is a major part in human body composition. Decreased the amount of water in the body, the function of the body organs will also be reduced and more easily disturbed by bacteria, viruses, etc.. However, the human body has a mechanism in maintaining the balance of the incoming water intake and output. Thirst in every person is a normal mechanism in maintaining the water intake in the body. Water body needs approximately 2 to 2.5 L (8-10 cups) per day. Total water demand is already included water intake from food (such as soup, soup, etc.), beverages such as milk, tea, coffee, syrups etc.. In addition, water intake was also obtained from the metabolism of food consumed and tissue metabolism in the body. Water also removed the body through urine and sweat. The amount of water removed the body through urine about 1 liter per day. If the amount of feces that was issued in healthy people of about 50-400 g / day, its water content of about 60-90% weight of feces or about 50-60 ml of water a day. Meanwhile, water is wasted through sweating and respiratory tract in a maximum of 1 liter per day, depending on the temperature of the surrounding air. Not to mention the expenditure of factors of water through respiration. Someone who has a fever, water content in the breath will increase. In contrast, the amount of water inhaled through the breath is reduced due to low humidity surroundings.

The Miracle of Water

Water is a substance or material or elements that are important for all living thing on earth today, but not on another planet. Water covers nearly 71% of the earth's surface. There are 1.4 trillion cubic kilometers (330 million mil³) is available on earth. Water mostly found in the sea (salt water) and the ice sheets (in polar and mountain peaks), but also can present as clouds, rain, rivers, fresh water, lakes, water vapor, and sea ice . In addition to the earth, a large amount of water is also estimated that there are in the north and south poles of Mars, and in the months Europa and Enceladus. Water can be either solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (water vapor). Water is the only substance that is naturally present on the surface of the earth in his form the third.

Water in a liquid state is a situation that’s not common in normal conditions, even more so with due regard to the relationship between the hydride-hydride other similar oxygen in the column on the periodic table, which suggests that water should be a gas, as hydrogen sulfide.

Some of the wonders of water:

1. Water in solid phase is much lighter than water in liquid phase. Therefore, ice floats. This is important for life in freshwater lakes, because the ice acts as insulation against the release of heat energy so that the freezing of water from the surface to the bottom did not occur.
2. Freezing point is reduced under pressure, so that the pen-liquid occurs at the base of glaciers that facilitate the flow of glaciers.
3. H chain broke under pressure, so the ice under pressure will be plastic, so that sea ice in Antarctica and the Arctic ice flowing off the mountain on it. Without this process, then all water would be ice in the polar regions.

          In Japan, Dr. Masaru Emoto from Yokohama University diligently doing research on the behavior of water. Scientists proved that water is able to capture the message and read the inscription. When the prayer was read good from any religion, its molecular configuration forming beautiful. When exposed to harsh words, molecules are unorganized. For example, when water played mozart symphony music, flower-shaped crystals appear on the contrary at the time of heavy metal music in perdengarkan, shattered crystal. Next on the show the word "devil" in Japanese. Bad-shaped crystals.

It turned out that water can "hear" the words, can "read" the writing, and can "understand" message. In his book "The Hidden Message in Water", Dr. Masaru Emoto describes that water is able to record a message, such as magnetic tape or compact disc. The stronger the concentration of its message, the more the message printed on the water. Water can transfer the message via another water molecule.

 
When recited the prayer for healing in front of a bottle of water then the recorded crystal as shown below:

 When tried recited the Islamic prayers, hexagonal crystals with five branches of leaves appear shiny : 

 When played Mozart symphony music, flower-shaped crystals appear :

These water crystals to record the song 'Imagine' by John Lennon. Like the song, this unique and beautiful crystals. Each element of growing up in harmony :

Crystal recorded water from springs that are still clear in Japan :

 
When said 'war', the crystal water (left), the crystal form of 'peace' (right) was hit by objects like pswt (WTC on September 9). Images recorded before the incident :

Further shown the word "angel": a chain formed beautiful hexagonal crystals (picture left) and when shown the word "devil", poorly-shaped crystal with a ball of fire in the middle (picture right) :

When heavy metal music is played, the crystal is destroyed :